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This essay breaks down the term “world model” by tracing it to the POMDP perception-action loop and identifying its key components—renderers, simulators, planners, and their connecting loop. It shows how different AI fields project parts of this loop to build spatial and temporal understanding beyond language models.
The article unpacks the long history of “world models,” from Schmidhuber’s 1990 proposal through Sutton’s Dyna and Ha & Schmidhuber’s 2018 implementation, to LeCun’s JEPA framework and the new LeWorldModel paper. It explains LeCun’s real contribution—predicting in latent space with SIGReg to prevent collapse—while calling out overhyped funding claims and noting limitations and prior art.