State AI laws face constitutional limits under the dormant Commerce Clause, but courts lack the data to weigh interstate burdens against local benefits. The article argues policymakers must build evidentiary records—through standardized burden and benefit estimates—and equip judges with analytical tools for effective cost-benefit review.

The EU's new GMP Annex 22 regulation requires pharmaceutical companies to use fully validated and deterministic AI models in manufacturing. ValidTrace offers a solution by providing pre-validated AI models that meet these compliance standards, ensuring predictable outputs critical for the industry.