Researchers are investigating the neurobiological basis of near-death experiences (NDEs) through a model called NEPTUNE, which links these phenomena to brain activity during critical health events. This model faces criticism from other scientists who argue that it overlooks significant evidence from patients' experiences and the implications for understanding consciousness and the afterlife.

• A new model called NEPTUNE synthesizes over 300 papers to explain NDEs via brain mechanisms like blood gas changes during cardiac arrest and temporoparietal junction activity causing out-of-body sensations
• Critics Greyson and Pehlivanova argue the model cherry-picks evidence and can't explain rich, detailed experiences like encounters with deceased loved ones through brain physiology alone
• People who undergo NDEs often report lasting personal transformations, including reduced fear of death and increased empathy and spirituality