Since 2023, Chinese AI models have trailed U.S. models by an average of seven months, according to the Epoch Capabilities Index. The gap varies from four to fourteen months, highlighting the difference in performance between predominantly open-weight Chinese models and closed U.S. models. The analysis shows that no Chinese model has yet surpassed the capabilities of the latest U.S. frontier models.

China has claimed to possess "irrefutable evidence" linking the US to a cyberattack on its National Time Service Center, alleging that the NSA exploited vulnerabilities and used stolen credentials to access sensitive information since 2022. The accusations come amidst rising tensions between the two nations, with both sides trading allegations of cyber intrusions.