Cancer vaccine development faces significant challenges due to the similarity of neoantigens to normal proteins, hindering effective targeting. Despite some early successes, especially with Moderna's mRNA therapies, the field lacks systematic benchmarking and predictive algorithms, leading to inconsistent outcomes. Emerging technologies and innovative approaches are needed to improve the design and efficacy of future cancer vaccines.
cancer-vaccines ✓
neoantigens ✓
+ immunotherapy
biotechnology ✓
clinical-trials ✓