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This article explains the complexity of agentic payments, highlighting various protocols like ACP and UCP that aim to streamline transactions between agents and merchants. It discusses the need for trust layers and the differences between commerce and B2B payments, as well as the potential of agent-to-agent payment systems.
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The Agentic Payments Map outlines the complex landscape of payment protocols emerging as agents—software that can make decisions and transactions on behalf of users—gain prominence. The proliferation of acronyms like ACP (Agentic Commerce Protocol), UCP (Universal Commerce Protocol), and others reflects the variety of challenges they address. Each protocol targets specific scenarios: commerce transactions between agents and merchants, B2B invoice payments, and agent-to-agent interactions. The article asserts that these protocols, while seemingly redundant, are tailored to distinct needs.
The internet lacks a standardized payment layer, which has caused a fragmented payment experience. HTTP status code 402, designated for payment requirements, was never implemented, highlighting that the internet was built primarily for information transfer, not financial transactions. As agents operate at machine speed, traditional payment processes struggle to keep up. The article emphasizes that trust is foundational for these transactions, which has led to the development of new protocols like ERC-8004 and Visa's Trusted Agent Protocol (TAP). These aim to establish identity and legitimacy for agents before they can engage in commerce.
For agentic commerce specifically, two main protocols are taking shape: the ACP from OpenAI and Stripe, which structures transactions, and the UCP from Google and Shopify, which allows merchants to be discovered by agents. The former is more prescriptive, while the latter offers flexibility. Merchants may need to adopt both to enhance their visibility across platforms like ChatGPT and Google. Payment network-level innovations like Visa's Intelligent Commerce (VIC) are also emerging, aimed at creating secure tokens for agent transactions. Overall, the evolving protocols represent a necessary response to the unique demands of an increasingly automated commerce environment.
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