Over 95% of global data and voice traffic relies on nearly a million miles of underwater cables. These cables facilitate everything from government communications to streaming services. The first commercial subsea cable was laid in 1850 across the English Channel. Since then, technology has evolved through coaxial cables to fiber optics, with major players like Meta, Google, and Amazon now controlling about 50% of the market. Investment in new subsea projects is expected to reach $13 billion between 2025 and 2027, nearly double the previous three years. The demand for subsea cables is driven by the growing needs of artificial intelligence and vast data networks. Meta's Project Waterworth, a 50,000 km cable connecting five continents, exemplifies this push. Amazon's Fastnet cable will link Maryland to Ireland with a capacity exceeding 320 terabits per second. Other tech giants like Google and Microsoft are also heavily invested in subsea infrastructure, recognizing its critical role in maintaining global connectivity. Cable disruptions can significantly impact countries, as seen when Tonga lost its connection due to a severed cable in 2022. Damage often results from fishing activities or accidental anchor drops, but there are rising concerns about intentional sabotage, especially amid geopolitical tensions. Reports suggest an uptick in incidents around Taiwan and the Baltic Sea, prompting NATO and the U.S. to enhance security measures for subsea cables. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission is tightening regulations on foreign firms involved in these projects, particularly targeting potential threats from China and Russia.