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Saved February 14, 2026
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This article discusses a widening gap between those with access to capital markets and those without. It highlights a new Coinbase Institute paper that proposes using tokenization and blockchain technology to make investment opportunities more accessible and affordable for everyone.
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The gap between the capital-rich and capital-poor is widening, creating significant barriers to wealth creation for billions. A recent paper from the Coinbase Institute highlights this issue, showing that 4 billion adults lack access to equity or bond markets. In the U.S., 96% of households in the top 10% income bracket own stocks, while only 17% of those in the bottom 20% do. This disparity stems from both explicit barriers, like high minimum investments, and implicit ones, such as complex onboarding processes. The result is a structural divide that limits economic freedomβthe ability to save, invest, and grow wealth.
The Coinbase Institute's paper shifts focus from just the unbanked to the unbrokered. While many people have bank accounts, they still struggle to invest due to a system designed for larger transactions and wealthier clients. Technology has made global markets more accessible, but traditional financial structures still inhibit access. The solution lies in tokenization and permissionless blockchains, which could democratize investment opportunities. Tokenization allows for fractional ownership, lowering investment minimums from significant sums to small amounts, making wealth-building more attainable.
However, technology alone won't close the capital chasm. Policymakers must create a regulatory environment that supports innovation while protecting consumers. Key steps include ensuring the neutrality of public blockchains, establishing pathways for tokenizing assets, and allowing banks to engage with this infrastructure. Recognizing the right to self-custody and updating market safeguards are also crucial for creating an inclusive financial ecosystem. The goal is to broaden participation in markets and distribute wealth more evenly across society.
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