The article explores the implications of quantum computing on Bitcoin, focusing on the potential risks posed by cryptographically relevant quantum computers (CRQCs). It introduces the concept of expected value, highlighting how even low-probability risks, like the emergence of a powerful quantum computer, can have catastrophic consequences for Bitcoin. The author argues that the negative expected value of a CRQC's impact on Bitcoin warrants proactive measures now, rather than waiting for the threat to materialize. Quantum computing fundamentally differs from classical computing. While classical computers handle definite 1s and 0s, quantum computers manipulate qubits, which can exist in superpositions of states. This allows them to process complex calculations much faster than classical systems. The article references Peter Shor's 1994 algorithm, which demonstrated that quantum computers could factor integers and compute discrete logarithms in polynomial time, potentially compromising much of current public key cryptography. The author emphasizes that while quantum computers are still in the experimental stage, their ability to break cryptographic foundations poses a real threat to Bitcoin and other digital assets. They detail the types of physical qubits used in quantum computers, noting the challenges of decoherence and error rates. Logical qubits, which require many physical qubits to function correctly, are essential for practical quantum computing. The demand for large numbers of error-corrected logical qubits implies that significant advancements in quantum technology are necessary before these threats become immediate, but the groundwork is already being laid.